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2. CRYSTAL FIELD SPLITTING

CRYSTAL FIELD SPLITTING   Before the study of this topic we have first know about the spatial orientation of d- orbitals. The five d orbitals can be designated as follow The first three orbital are oriented in between the XY, YZ, ZX axes respectively and these three orbital are called t 2g or d E  and the rest two orbitals are oriented along the XY and Z axes respectively and are known as e g  or d r. Now we will discuss about our topic which is  CRYSTAL FIELD SPLITTING,   in the absence of any ligands or in the case of free metal ion, all the five d-orbitals have the same energy and the orbitals having the  same energy are called degenerate orbitals. However in the approach of the ligands, the orbital electrons will be repelled by the lone pair (or negative charge) of the ligands. The repulsion will raise the energy of d - orbitals, the energy of each orbital will increase by the same amount, due to spherical field or s...
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4. FACTORS AFFECTING THE CRYSTAL FIELD SPLITTING

FACTORS AFFECTING THE CFS There are various factor which affect the value of CFS. Which are as follow with their description Oxidation state of the metals  Crystal field splitting increases on increasing in oxidation state of the metal. This is because the ligands with their electron density can approach the higher-charge (smaller sized) metal-ion more closely and interact more strongly with the d orbitals. Thus the complex [Co(NH 3 ) 6 ] + 3   in which Co in 3+ oxidation state has large crystal field splitting and [Co(NH 3 ) 6 ] 2 + with Co in 2+ oxidation state possesses small crystal field splitting . Principal Quantum no./ Size of the d orbital Crystal field splitting increases with increase in the principal quantum no. of the d- orbital. As the Principal Quantum number increases the distance of the d-orbital of the metal from its nucleus increases. Such an orbital interacts more strongly with the ligands giving large splitting. In genral, crystal fiel...
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