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2. CRYSTAL FIELD SPLITTING

CRYSTAL FIELD SPLITTING   Before the study of this topic we have first know about the spatial orientation of d- orbitals. The five d orbitals can be designated as follow The first three orbital are oriented in between the XY, YZ, ZX axes respectively and these three orbital are called t 2g or d E  and the rest two orbitals are oriented along the XY and Z axes respectively and are known as e g  or d r. Now we will discuss about our topic which is  CRYSTAL FIELD SPLITTING,   in the absence of any ligands or in the case of free metal ion, all the five d-orbitals have the same energy and the orbitals having the  same energy are called degenerate orbitals. However in the approach of the ligands, the orbital electrons will be repelled by the lone pair (or negative charge) of the ligands. The repulsion will raise the energy of d - orbitals, the energy of each orbital will increase by the same amount, due to spherical field or s...
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3 .Crystal Field Splitting Energy

Crystal Field Splitting Energy we know that an electron always prefers to occupy an orbital of a lower energy level. It is evident that if an octahedral complex contain one d electron, that electron will reside in one of the t 2g orbitals. This orbital has an energy -4 Dq compared to the energy of the hypothetical degenerate orbitals of state II as shown in fig.. Thus, the complex will be 4 will be 4 Dq more stable than predicted by the pure electrostatic theory. Evidently, the energy of the complex would now be less the decrease in energy = 0- (- 4Dq) = 4Dq is called the Crystal Field Splitting Energy (CFSE) of the complex under consideration. So the CFSE can be defined as "The energy difference of the energy of orbital in which the d-block electron exist after splitting with the energy of the degenerated d orbitals."  Calculation of  CFSE for octahedral compound As above mentioned for the filling of first electron in the  t 2g is 4Dq. So for each electron...
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